南京理工大学2024-2025秋季学期陈政武英语B班影子训练1

南京理工大学 2024-2025秋季学期陈政武英语B班影子训练1

在本次影子训练中,陈政武老师为南京理工大学英语B班的同学们设置了一系列课后准备活动,旨在提升他们的英语听说能力。学生将在课堂上接受测试,以检验他们的学习成果。

视频内容概述

本视频为学生提供了课后准备的指导,主要涵盖以下几个方面:

  1. 语言技巧提升:陈老师通过具体示范,帮助学生掌握日常交流中的关键语言技巧,包括如何有效表达观点和理解他人的言辞。

  2. 场景模拟训练:视频中包含多个模拟对话场景,如旅游、购物和社交,这些练习旨在增强学生的实际应用能力,提升应对各种交流场合的自信心。

  3. 课后准备建议:老师明确指出,学生需要利用视频中提供的语音和字幕文本进行复习,以便在课堂测试中更好地展示他们的能力。

相关资料

在视频中,我们讨论了两个严重的生态问题:过度捕鱼和珊瑚漂白。

过度捕鱼

  • 过度捕鱼被定义为从海洋中捕获的鱼的数量超过其自然再生产的数量。这种情况导致了鱼类种群无法维持,造成生态系统严重受损。
  • 三种主要类型的过度捕鱼:招募过度捕鱼、成长过度捕鱼和生态系统过度捕鱼。
  • 根据世界海洋评论,估计每年非法捕鱼的渔获量在1100万到2600万吨之间,占全球报告渔获量的14%到33%。
  • 1992年,加拿大东部的鳕鱼种群因过度捕鱼几乎消失,但经过全面禁捕,种群得以恢复。

珊瑚漂白

  • 珊瑚漂白是指珊瑚失去颜色并变白,这种变化可能导致其死亡,通常是由于温度、营养或光的变化引起的压力。
  • 2005年,美国失去了50%的加勒比珊瑚礁,而在2016年,部分地区的珊瑚白化达到90%。
  • 大众旅游和防晒霜使用也对珊瑚造成了压力。

学生可以在以下链接下载视频相关的语音及字幕文本,以辅助课后复习和准备:下载链接

以下是文档中的英文逐句翻译为中文:

英文:
We’re looking at two problems today both very serious problems in ecological terms. The 1st is overfishing and the 2nd coral bleaching.

中文:
我们今天要讨论两个问题,都是非常严重的生态问题。第一个是过度捕捞,第二个是珊瑚白化。

英文:
I’ll introduce each issue and then I’ll look in more detail at our role as marine ecology engineers in mitigating the damage these issues are causing.

中文:
我将介绍每个问题,然后更详细地探讨作为海洋生态工程师,我们在减少这些问题造成的损害中所扮演的角色。

英文:
So starting with overfishing and that’s a strange term to some when we think of fish as a naturally healthy food and fishing itself seems like the most natural thing in the world hunting in its most basic form.

中文:
我们先从过度捕捞开始,这个词对有些人来说可能有些陌生,因为我们认为鱼是一种天然健康的食物,而捕捞本身似乎是世界上最自然的事情,是最基本形式的捕猎。

英文:
But this is no longer true. As we will see in an industrialized age there is nothing good or natural about fishing.

中文:
但这已经不再是事实了。正如我们将看到的,在工业化时代,捕捞并没有任何好或自然的地方。

英文:
OK? So there are basically three types of overfishing. You can see them on this slide. The 1st is called recruitment overfishing.

中文:
好的?基本上过度捕捞有三种类型。你可以在这个幻灯片上看到它们。第一种叫做“招募过度捕捞”。

英文:
This is simply when the amount of fish taken from the ocean is greater than the amount that can be reproduced naturally so the fish are no longer able to sustain their population.

中文:
这指的是从海洋中捕捞的鱼量超过了自然再生的数量,导致鱼类无法维持其种群。

英文:
That’s what most people think of as overfishing.

中文:
这是大多数人认为的过度捕捞。

英文:
But there are two more forms of this problem technically. The 2nd form is growth overfishing which is when fish are taken that are not yet of an optimal size for maximum yield of fish.

中文:
但技术上还有另外两种形式的问题。第二种是“生长过度捕捞”,即捕捞的鱼尚未达到最大产量的最佳尺寸。

英文:
Finally there is ecosystem overfishing which as the name suggests is fishing that damages the ecosystem usually by fishing the top predators like tuna resulting in too many of the smaller fish like sardines.

中文:
最后一种是“生态系统过度捕捞”,顾名思义,这种捕捞会破坏生态系统,通常是通过捕捞顶级掠食者如金枪鱼,导致较小的鱼类如沙丁鱼数量过多。

英文:
Together these three are thought to be the culprits in the damage done to our ocean ecosystems.

中文:
这三种过度捕捞被认为是对我们的海洋生态系统造成破坏的罪魁祸首。

英文:
So just how serious is this problem? Well this next slide has some alarming figures.

中文:
那么这个问题有多严重呢?接下来的幻灯片展示了一些令人担忧的数字。

英文:
1st of all as reported in World Ocean Review estimates of the size of the catch from illegal fishing range from eleven to 26 million tons annually which represents 14% to 33% of the world’s reported catch.

中文:
首先,正如《世界海洋评论》所报道的,非法捕捞的捕捞量估计每年在1100万至2600万吨之间,占全球报告捕捞量的14%至33%。

【继续翻译】
英文:
The next alarming fact is that in just four decades the number of marine species is thought to have decreased by around 40% with about a third of fish stocks by the best estimations being overfished to varying degrees.

中文:
另一个令人担忧的事实是,在短短四十年内,海洋物种的数量预计减少了大约40%,根据最佳估计,大约三分之一的鱼类种群已经被不同程度的过度捕捞。

英文:
So yes it’s an extremely serious problem both for humans and nature. Coastal communities that depend on fish are affected as is the balance of ocean life often catastrophically.

中文:
所以是的,这对人类和自然都是一个极其严重的问题。依赖鱼类的沿海社区受到影响,海洋生物的平衡也常常受到灾难性的影响。

英文:
In both cases. Let me give you an example on this next slide. As you can see it concerns the Eastern Canadian cod fishing industry off Newfoundland and Labrador.

中文:
在这两种情况下。让我给你举一个例子,这在接下来的幻灯片中可以看到。它涉及到加拿大东部纽芬兰和拉布拉多的鳕鱼捕捞业。

英文:
These pictures show how many fish there were. You could practically pick them out of the water with your hands for 500 years.

中文:
这些图片展示了当时的鱼类数量之多。过去500年里,你几乎可以用手从水中捞出鱼来。

英文:
They sustain the local economy. But overfishing recruitment and growth overfishing to be precise cause these huge cod stocks to almost disappear.

中文:
它们支撑了当地经济。但由于过度捕捞,准确地说是“招募过度捕捞”和“生长过度捕捞”,导致这些巨大的鳕鱼群几乎消失。

英文:
To give you an idea of the scale of the disaster in 1992 the cod population was estimated to be only 1% of what it had been a staggering loss that many thought was insurmountable.

中文:
为了让你了解这场灾难的规模,1992年鳕鱼种群的数量估计只有原来的1%,这一惊人的损失让许多人认为无法克服。

英文:
It destroyed the entire economy of the coastal areas which had been built around the fishing industry and estimated 35000 people lost their jobs.

中文:
这摧毁了整个依赖渔业的沿海地区经济,估计有35000人失业。

英文:
The situation looked bleak but now thankfully the cod are viable again which moves us on to solutions.

中文:
情况看起来非常严峻,但幸运的是,现在鳕鱼又有了生存能力,这引出了我们要讨论的解决方案。

英文:
What was the solution in this case? Simple A complete ban for an initial duration of two years later extended on cod fishing in the area.

中文:
在这种情况下的解决方案是什么?很简单:最初对该地区的鳕鱼捕捞实施两年的完全禁令,后来延长了禁令的期限。

英文:
And the good news is that it worked. By and large the devastation was reversed and by 2015 it was estimated that the figure was back up to about two thirds of the original stocks.

中文:
好消息是,这个措施奏效了。大体上,破坏得到了逆转,到2015年,估计鳕鱼数量回升到原种群的约三分之二。

英文:
Or to put it another way comparative safety although some experts do now consider this to be an overestimate.

中文:
换句话说,数量相对安全,尽管现在一些专家认为这是一个过高的估计。

英文:
Even so it was an extraordinary success that made many people optimistic that it could be reproduced.

中文:
即便如此,这也是一个非凡的成功,使得许多人对这种方法的重复应用持乐观态度。

英文:
Now there are those who will say that overfishing can’t be our fault that other fish and animals have always naturally hunted and it’s natural that these species get eaten.

中文:
现在,有人会说过度捕捞不是我们的错,其他鱼类和动物总是自然地进行捕猎,物种被吃掉是自然的。

英文:
Well it’s not natural if you’re capable of getting 400 tons of macro on board in 2 H no animal can do that.

中文:
但是,如果你能在两小时内捕捞到400吨的鲭鱼,那就不自然了,任何动物都无法做到这一点。

英文:
Solutions have to address the efficiency and inefficiency of the fishing industry.

中文:
解决方案必须解决渔业的高效和低效问题。

英文:
Efficiency in the amount can catch but inefficiency in the fact that much of what is caught is unintentional or even worse it is of endangered species and is thrown back dead in the water.

中文:
捕捞的效率体现在捕获的数量上,但低效体现在大量捕获是无意的,甚至更糟的是,它包括濒危物种,这些鱼类被捕后死掉又被扔回水中。

【继续翻译】
英文:
There are some solutions available for these problems E.G. government regulation has increased net hole size allowing smaller species to escape. Reducing subsidies can also help avoid these problems but there’s always likely to be resistance against regulatory measures from a fishing industry that feels that its workers livelihoods are threatened.

中文:
有一些解决方案可以应对这些问题。例如,政府法规增加了渔网孔的大小,让较小的物种得以逃脱。减少补贴也可以帮助避免这些问题,但渔业行业往往会对这些监管措施表示反对,因为他们认为这威胁到了工人的生计。

英文:
So what other solutions are possible? Well one is aquaculture or farming fish in captivity. This has been criticized in some quarters as being unnatural and bringing to fishing some of the problems we see in farming animals on land.

中文:
那么还有什么其他的解决方案呢?其中一个是水产养殖,也就是圈养鱼类。这在某些方面受到了批评,认为它不自然,并且给渔业带来了一些我们在陆地动物养殖中看到的问题。

英文:
But so what if it isn’t natural? It can and does work.

中文:
但即便它不自然,又有什么关系呢?它确实能够奏效。

英文:
Another solution is raising consumer awareness with the aim of encouraging the consumption of sustainable breeds of fish.

中文:
另一个解决方案是提高消费者意识,鼓励消费可持续养殖的鱼类品种。

英文:
I would guess we’ve all seen the writing on the supermarket pre packed fish appealing to the educated consumer who doesn’t want to exacerbate the problems of overfishing.

中文:
我猜我们都在超市预包装的鱼上看到过那些文字,旨在吸引那些不希望加剧过度捕捞问题的有知识的消费者。

英文:
Yes we’ve all seen it but I would estimate only about a fraction of us select our pre packed fish on that basis.

中文:
是的,我们都见过这些文字,但我估计只有一小部分人会基于此选择预包装的鱼类。

英文:
Ore though a great initiative it is unlikely to solve the problem in the long term.

中文:
尽管这是一个很好的举措,但从长远来看,它不太可能解决问题。

英文:
So that’s enough input on overfishing for now. Bleaching as you might expect this refers to the phenomenon when coral reefs lose color and turn white.

中文:
关于过度捕捞的话题就到这里。现在我们来谈谈珊瑚白化,顾名思义,这指的是珊瑚礁失去颜色变白的现象。

英文:
However it’s not just an aesthetic change. This changing color can kill them.

中文:
然而,这不仅仅是一个审美上的变化。颜色的改变会致命地影响它们。

英文:
The bleaching is a result of stress to the coral caused by change. This could be a change of nutrients of temperature or of light.

中文:
白化是由珊瑚所承受的压力引起的,这种压力可能是营养、温度或光照的变化所致。

英文:
The previously unspoiled coral rejects the algae that it contains and on which it depends for approximately 90% of its energy.

中文:
原本未受破坏的珊瑚会排斥其中的藻类,而珊瑚大约90%的能量都依赖这些藻类。

英文:
Again there are those who will say that it’s a natural phenomenon that change is a part of nature therefore we shouldn’t worry about it.

中文:
同样,也有人会说这是一个自然现象,变化是自然的一部分,因此我们不应该为此担心。

英文:
However to argue this is to ignore the hypothesis if we can still call it a hypothesis that humans are increasing the temperature of the oceans and also the fact that coral reefs are a vital part of the marine ecosystem but a very fragile one.

中文:
然而,这种观点忽略了一个假设——如果我们仍然可以称之为假设的话,那就是人类正在导致海洋温度上升。而且事实是,珊瑚礁是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,但也是非常脆弱的。

英文:
The reefs take millions of years to grow but a single year can kill them.

中文:
珊瑚礁需要数百万年才能生长,但一年时间就可能让它们灭亡。

英文:
Bleaching is a destructive phenomenon that has already destroyed large stretches of reef.

中文:
白化是一种具有破坏性的现象,已经摧毁了大片的珊瑚礁。

英文:
In a single year 2005 the US lost an estimated 50% of its Caribbean coral reef as evidenced from satellite imaging while in parts of the Indian Ocean of the Maldives and Sri Lanka E.G. estimates of coral bleaching for 2016 were nearer to 90 %.

中文:
仅在2005年,美国据估计损失了50%的加勒比珊瑚礁,这可以从卫星成像中得到证实,而在2016年,印度洋的部分地区如马尔代夫和斯里兰卡的珊瑚白化率估计接近90%。

英文:
Yes 90. And don’t think for one moment that this loss doesn’t affect us. It does.

中文:
是的,90%。别以为这种损失与我们无关,事实上它对我们有影响。

英文:
We suffer along with marine life if the phenomenon is not controlled as these ecosystems underly our economies.

中文:
如果这种现象得不到控制,我们将和海洋生物一起遭受苦难,因为这些生态系统是我们经济的基础。

英文:
And aside from the cause suggested above there is another more clearly human cause. Mass tourism results in massive use of sunscreens.

中文:
除了上述的原因外,还有一个更为明确的人为原因。大量的旅游业导致了大量防晒霜的使用。

英文:
We now know that sunscreens contain chemicals that cause stress to coral reef systems.

中文:
我们现在知道,防晒霜中含有的化学物质会对珊瑚礁系统造成压力。

英文:
And its thought that between 6014 thousand tons of sunscreen are released into coral reefs each year.

中文:
据认为,每年大约有6,000至14,000吨防晒霜被释放到珊瑚礁中。

英文:
One hypothesis is that sunscreen may harm the reefs just as much as increased temperature.

中文:
有一种假设认为,防晒霜对珊瑚礁的危害可能与海洋温度上升一样严重。

英文:
So now to go back to the original question as marine ecological engineers how can we address this situation?

中文:
那么回到最初的问题,作为海洋生态工程师,我们如何应对这种情况呢?

英文:
You can’t do that.

中文:
你不能这样做。

至此,文档中的英文内容已全部翻译为中文。

课堂测试

在课堂上,陈老师将针对学生的课后准备进行测试,确保每位同学都能有效掌握所学内容,并能自信地进行交流。

通过本次影子训练,学生们不仅能够提高英语水平,还能增强课堂互动和交流能力,为他们的未来学习和发展打下坚实基础。